the establishment and early stage of a city

a map around Atlanta where Indian trails were shown around 1815 (provided that the border between Fulton County and Atlanta City is in the late 19th century)

There is now a city called Atlanta, where there used to be a Native American village called Standing Peach Tree. In 1822, the Cherokee and the Creaks gave up the land to European settlers, and a settlement called Decatur was constructed there. Soon after, an informal exchange developed into a settlement for Europeans and was named Thrashville.

On December 21, 1836, the Georgian State Council passed a proposal for the construction of the Western and Atlantic Railway, which would cross the Appalachian Mountains and lead to Chattanooga, Tennessee, to provide trade routes between the area and the Midwest. On the other hand, the Cherokee, who lived in the area, were forced out of their land by forced displacement as a result of the Indian Immigration Law established in 1830. There was room for railway in the land where Native American left. In 1842, the town was renamed Marthasville, and there were six buildings and 30 residents living there. After several town names were changed, Edgar J. Thomson, the chief engineer of Georgia Railway, proposed to change the name of the place to Atlantika Pacifica. This name was quickly shortened to 'Atlanta.' The residents agreed to this name and on December 29, 1847, the town was officially named Atlanta. In 1854, a railroad linking Atlanta, the western part of Georgia, and the town of Lagrange near the state border with Alabama was opened. In 1860, the population of the town increased to 9,554.

Civil War and reconstruction

During the Civil War, Atlanta was an important place as a center for supplying railroad traffic and munitions. In May 1864, the Northern Army, which crossed the state border from Tennessee, continued winning and advancing southward to Atlanta. In these series of battles called the Battle of Peach Tree Creek, the Battle of Atlanta, the Battle of Ezra Church, and so on, Atlanta and its surroundings, especially the area on the north side, became a battleground for fierce battles. On September 1, 1864, the Southern Shogun John Bell Hood escaped from Atlanta and finally Atlanta fell. Upon his escape, he ordered all public buildings and the Southern Army's assets to be destroyed. On Sept. 2, the next day, the mayor, James Calhoun, surrendered the city. On 7 September, Northern Army General William Sherman ordered civilians to evacuate the city. Then on November 11, Sherman advanced further south, ordering all the towns of Atlanta to be burned down except for churches and hospitals.

Atlanta Campaign (Red: Southern Army, Blue: Northern Army

After the Civil War ended, the city was rebuilt. From 1867 to 1888, the United States Army occupied the McPherson Barracks located in the southwest of Atlanta to secure reconstruction. To help African-American people, who have become emancipated from the status of slaves and have become free, the Liberation and Negroes Administration (BLA) established a coalition with the Emancipation Black People Support Organization (American Missionary Association) and other Emancipation Black People (AMA). In 1866, the AMA established two schools for African students: the Stores School and the Summer Hill School. These schools were incorporated into the Atlanta Public School District in 1872. In 1865, AMA also established the University of Atlanta (the present University of Clark Atlanta) as part of training for African-style teachers. The University of Atlanta is one of the first universities established in Atlanta, called the Historic Black Collage, that were established to give African citizens an opportunity for higher education. It was also AMA that established the Washburn orphanage. The First Congregational Church of Atlanta was born by the cooperation of Caucasians, AMAs, and Liberals of Atlanta.

On the other hand, it was the cotton industry that contributed to the economic reconstruction of Atlanta after the Civil War. Cotton was not a major product in this area until 1838. By the mid-1870s, however, cotton had been a key agricultural product in the Atlanta area. In the 1870s, Atlanta had the fourth largest river port in the southeastern United States as an inland harbor for cotton shipment. On October 5, 1881, the International Cotton Exhibition was held in Atlanta. The exhibition attracted 1,013 exhibits from 33 states and six countries outside the United States. The former Shogun of the Northern Army, William Sherman, also visited the exhibition and was impressed by the reconstruction of Atlanta, which he saw for the first time in 17 years.

In 1868, the provincial capital was transferred from Millesiville to Atlanta. Atlanta is the fifth capital in Georgia's history, next to Savannah, Augusta, Louisville and Millesiville. The reason why Atlanta was selected as the capital was that the restoration of Atlanta after the Civil War and the convenience of railways were highly evaluated, and the Atlanta municipal authorities also appealed to the state government, saying, "If Atlanta was selected as the capital, it will provide free 10 years of building for various state institutions, including the State Capitol, for a while." In the 1880s, Henry Grady, the editor of the Atlanta Constellation (present Atlanta Journal-Constellation), advocated "New South" (New South, New South), which is based in a modernized economy, with a reduced dependency on agriculture. As a part of the implementation, in 1885, Georgia Institute of Technology was established as a school whose main purpose was advanced vocational and industrial technical training. Around this time, Atlanta Hospital, the first hospital in Atlanta after the Civil War, was established.

20th century

Peachtree Street, the main street in Atlanta (1907)

Thus Atlanta recovered from the Civil War and developed as the center of state politics and the center of the economy. However, the lack of slavery did not stop the tension between races, but rather increased. At least 27 people were killed and 70 injured in the 1906 Atlanta ethnic violence. In 1913, a false charge against the Jewish faith (Leo Frank incident) occurred in this area.

On December 15, 1939, a premiere performance of "Gone with the Wind" was held at the Row's Grand Theater in Atlanta. The movie is based on a novel by Margaret Mitchell, a writer from Atlanta. The Premier also visited Clark Gables, Vivian Lee and Olivia de Havilland.

During World War II, manufacturing industries such as Bell Aircraft's factories in the suburbs of Marietta, especially the munitions industry, developed and contributed greatly to the population and economic development of the city. In 1946, a year after World War II, the Center for Disease Prevention (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) was established.

In 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled in the Brown v. Education Committee Trial that segregation in public schools was in violation of Article 14 of the Constitution of the United States of America, momentum for the abolition of racial discrimination was growing even in Atlanta. Racial tension in Atlanta has turned into a more violent means. On October 12, 1958, a Jewish temple along Peachtree Street was blown up. Jacob Rothschild, the rabbi of the synagogue, was an advocate of racial integration. The incident was believed to have been caused by the anti-Semitic white people who called themselves the "underground organization of the Confederacy."

In the 1960s, Atlanta became one of the centers of civil rights. In the civil rights movement in Atlanta, local African students, in addition to Martin Luther King, played a leadership role. Two of the most important organizations in the Civil Rights Movement, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the Student Non-Violent Cooperation Committee were headquartered in Atlanta. However, despite the numerous protests during the Civil Rights Movement, the political and economic leaders in Atlanta created the image of a "city that is too busy to hate." In 1961, the mayor, Ivan Allen Jr., was a rare white mayor in the southern part of the time, who stood on the defense of the abolition of discrimination in public schools.

In 1996, Atlanta invited the world to host the Summer Olympics.

In 1973, Maynard Jackson was elected mayor, and the first African mayor to be born in a major southern city. In the latter half of the twentieth century, African residents became a majority in Atlanta's demographic structure. However, with suburbanization, rising prices, and the development of the local economy, new residents entered Atlanta, and the rate of African descent from the total population of Atlanta decreased to 66.8% in 1990, which was then 50% in the mid-2000s. Some of the newly-introduced residents of Atlanta were Latino and Asian, and the number of ethnic structures in Atlanta has been increasing.

In 1990, Atlanta was chosen as the host of the 1996 Summer Olympics. Atlanta, as a city in the United States, was the third host city after St. Louis and Los Angeles . Following the announcement of the Olympics, large-scale construction projects, such as city parks, sports facilities, and transportation networks, were promoted in Atlanta. However, while the city was boiling with the Olympics, the poor have been affected by the unjust arrest of 9,000 homeless and the demolition of slums to secure land for Olympic-related facilities. On July 27 during the session, a bombing occurred at the Centennial Olympic Park.

Atlanta is located at 33 degrees 45 minutes 18 seconds north latitude and 84 degrees 23 minutes 24 seconds west longitude. It is almost at the same latitude as Fukuoka City in Japan, one of the sister cities of Atlanta. According to the United States Statistical Bureau, Atlanta City has a total area of 343.0km² (132.4^mi2). 341.2km² (131.7mi²) is land and 1.8km² (0.7mi²) is water area. 0.51% of the total area is in the water area. The elevation varies considerably from place to place, and is generally within the range of 225-320m. The altitude is about 313m near Hartfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport.

The city of Atlanta stretches over a hill on the south bank of the Chatta Fuchy River. The eastern part of the ridge is just passing through Atlanta. The watershed area moves north from the south of the city to downtown, and from downtown it changes its direction to the east along the tracks of Decal Avenue and CSX. Therefore, rain in the southern and eastern parts of Atlanta would flow to the Atlantic Ocean, while rain in the northern and western parts of the city would flow to the Gulf of Mexico.

Of these, the river banks of the Chatta Fuchi River, which flows northwest of the city, which flows into the Gulf of Mexico, still have a lot of natural elements, and are designated as the Chatta Fuchi River National Recreation Area. However, in the downstream, excessive intake of water during drought and pollution during water rise also cause legal conflicts between Alabama and Florida near the mouth of the river.

climate

The climate of Atlanta is characterized by hot, humid summer, and winter, which is generally warm and sometimes chilly. Like many areas on the East Coast and the South of the United States, Keppen belongs to a warm wet climate (Cfa) in the climate division of Keppen. In the hottest July, the average temperature reaches 27°C and the highest temperature reaches 32°C. On the other hand, even in the coldest January, the average temperature is about 6°C and the minimum temperature is 1 degree. However, a cold wave once every few years has a minimum temperature of less than -10°C, and it can be observed in the middle of winter. The record high temperature is 40.6°C and the record low temperature is 22.8°C. Annual rainfall of 1,270mm is average throughout the year. There is a slight snowfall in the winter. The annual snowfall is about 5 centimeters. The humidity is generally high throughout the year, with the morning relative humidity of about 80% even in winter and almost 90% in summer.

downtown

Atlanta business and commerce are concentrated in three locations: downtown, midtown and back head. Downtown is the oldest area in Atlanta, and is the largest of three business and commercial clusters. In the downtown area, the main office of companies such as CNN, as well as facilities for state and city governments, as well as the city's most famous spots are also located there. Located about 2 km north of downtown, Midtown is a financial center with the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, which developed rapidly after the completion of the One Atlantic Center in 1987. The back-head, which covers about 15km north of downtown and about one-fifth of the northern part of the city, was originally a high-class residential area, but it was transformed into an office town accessible to working houses when mid-to-high rise office buildings started to be built in the 1980s. The backhead is also the best shopping area in Atlanta where large shopping malls are located, and is also a fun area where bars and nightclubs stand.

The Five Points, the hub of downtown, is also the center of Atlanta and the terminal of Atlanta Malta. Below Five Points, there is Underground Atlanta, a downtown shopping entertainment area lined with shops, restaurants and bars. Facilities for state and city governments, including Georgia State Capitol and Atlanta City Hall, are concentrated in the South Central Business District, which is located to the south of Five Points. The hotel district, adjacent to the north of the downtown area, houses high-class hotels such as Ritz Carlton, Westin and Embassy Suites.

a burgeoning mid-town

Midtown is growing as a business district. However, Midtown is not only a business district, but also a quiet residential area with Victorian houses, and is also the center of art where art museums and art halls are concentrated. To the north of Midtown, there are vast green lands, such as Piedmont Park and the Atlanta Botanical Garden. West of Midtown lies the campus of Georgia Institute of Technology. Early in 2006, Shirley Franklin, the mayor of Atlanta, proposed the concept of "Midtown Mile." This is to make the 14 blocks of Peachtree Street running through Midtown a fancy shopping street like Beverly Hills's Rodeo Drive and Chicago's Magnificent Mile.

Backhead Skyline for Skyscraper Construction

The backhead is the richest area in Atlanta. In addition, the backhead has two large shopping malls, Lennox Square and Phipps Plaza, and it's also one of the best shopping areas in Atlanta, along with high end shopping streets where high-end shops and five star luxury hotels are built. Although the security of the city was deteriorated for a while due to the development of entertainment districts, the measures to restore the housing environment, such as shortening the bar business hours by 2:30 a.m., have been successful and the security of the city has been calmed down. Still, there are more than 300 restaurants, bars and nightclubs in the backheads. Crossing the Atlanta border, north of Backhead, you will find yourself in the city of Sandy Springs, a wealthy suburban city.

In 1996, despite the efforts of the city such as the opening of the Centennial Olympic Park in downtown, the park per capita in Atlanta was only about 36 m² (2005), which shows a figure close to the bottom among cities with the same population density. However, contrary to the statistical data, Atlanta has the image of a "wood town" or "a city in the woods." From the center of Atlanta and the business district of Backhead, the skyline can include the canopy of trees that extend to the suburbs. The non-profit greening organization Treetz Atlanta, established in 1985, planted over 68,000 shade trees in Atlanta.

building

Bank of America Plaza, the tallest skyscraper in Atlanta

Unlike other southern cities such as Charleston, Savannah, and New Orleans, Atlanta did not inherit the Old South architectural style, but instead chose to build a modern structure of medium or above as a representative city of "New South" proposed in the 1880s. The buildings in Atlanta were designed by some of the leading architectural design offices in the United States, as well as by architects representing the 20th century, including Michael Graves, Richard Meyer, and Renzo Piano. He graduated from the School of Architecture at the Georgia Institute of Technology in his home town Atlanta and was particularly famous for the design of an Atrium Hotel, where he designed the Hyatt Regency Atlanta in 1967 and also designed the Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel and the Atlanta Marriott Marquis. The PeachTree Center, a complex of these hotels and Sun Trust Plaza, is also designed by Portman.

The tallest skyscraper in Atlanta is Bank of America Plaza. The 311.8m-55-story building in Midtown is the tallest building in American cities other than Atlanta and Chicago. The building was built between 1991 and 1992 and completed in only 14 months. When it was completed, it was owned by NationsBank and was called NationsBank Building, but in 1998, NationsBank and Bank America merged and became Bank of America, and then it was renamed the present name Bank of America Plaza.

Georgia State Capitol

Atlanta, the capital of Georgia, has many of the Georgian state agencies. Located in the downtown South Central Business District, Georgia's State Capitol, with the Georgia Governor's Office and the Georgia Congress's Legislature, is Georgia's central political center. This building, which was built in 1889 and is a mixture of the Renaissance architecture and the neoclassical architecture, is designated as a National Register of Historic Monuments and a National Structure of History. Atlanta City Hall stands near the Georgia State Capitol. The Gothic reconstruction city hall has also been designated a national historical register. The Georgian Governor's Office is located in a high end residential area in Backhead.

Atlanta adopts a mayoral system. The mayor of Atlanta holds a term of four years. The Atlanta City Assembly consists of 15 members. The city will be divided into 12 constituencies, with the highest vote (12 in all districts) and three wild cards. The mayor can veto the decision of the city council, but if the city council receives more than two-thirds of the votes, the city council can veto the mayor.

Atlanta City Hall

Since Maynard Jackson took office in 1973 as the first black mayor in the history of Atlanta City, African-related Americans have been the mayor for more than 30 years. In 2001, Shirley Clark Franklin, the first black woman mayor in the major cities of the south, became the mayor. In 2005, Franklin re-elected with 90% of the vote. The current mayor of Atlanta is Cassim Reed, a Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), who took office in 2010.

The Atlanta City government was notorious for corruption during the time of Bill Campbell, the mayor before Franklin was appointed. In 2006, a federal jury convicted Campbell for three tax evasion over the profits he had earned during his trip.

Atlanta is one of the most crime-prone cities in the United States. In the annual ranking of "Dangerous Cities in the United States" released by Morgan Quitnot, it was the first of the five worst cities until the early 2000s, including the first one for two consecutive years in 1994 and 1995. The number of murders was especially high, with more than 30 cases per 100,000 people. The high crime rate in Atlanta is considered to be due largely to high poverty and high unemployment rates.

The Atlanta Police Foundation was established in 2003 and spent $1.3 million to strengthen police forces. The results showed that the crime rate in Atlanta had been declining since the mid-2000s. According to data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), in 2005, the number of killings fell to 90 and 20.9 per 100,000, and the rate of violent crime (murder, rape, robbery and injury) was the lowest since 1969. Nevertheless, the crime rate in Atlanta is much higher than the U.S. average, and the rate of violent crime is higher in most major cities across the United States.

In 2008, a project called the Back to Back School was launched to combat poverty that leads to crime. It aims to support educational equipment and resources to prevent children from being in poor families from committing crimes such as drug abuse and joining gangs. The project is being carried out by a non-profit organization called the Georgia Justice Project. Lawyers and social workers are part of the organization, and the funds are funded by donations from foundations, companies and individuals.

Coca cola Head Office

Atlanta has many large companies, such as Coca cola, Delta Air, and CNN, that operate businesses nationwide or internationally. United Parcel Service (UPS) is headquartered in the northern city of Sandysprings. Other major companies headquartered in the Atlanta metropolitan area include Earth Link, Arby's, Icofax, Oxford Industries, Southern Company, Santrust Bank, Georgia Pacific, Tic Fila, and Waffle House. The number of companies in Fortune 500, headquartered in Atlanta's city, has reached 12, the third largest number in the United States after New York (45) and Houston (22). More than 75% of Fortune 1,000 companies and 1,250 multinational companies have offices in the Atlanta metropolitan area.

The automotive industry once supported the economy of Atlanta, but the automotive industry in the Atlanta area has been declining in the late 2000s, with the closure of the Atlanta plant in Haipville, located in the south suburb of Ford in 2006, and the closure of the plant in Draville, located in the northeast suburb of General Motors in 2008. But in 2006, Kia Motors, a Korean manufacturer, built a new plant in West Point, near Columbus.

Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta

The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, which typically covers the sixth part of Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, the entire region of Mississippi, southern Louisiana, and central and eastern Tennessee. The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta has five branches in Birmingham, Jacksonville, Miami, Nashville and New Orleans. On the U.S. dollar bills issued by the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, the F is printed on the left side of the portrait for old notes, and the F6 is printed on the right under the ticket number in the upper left. This represents the sixth district covered by the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta moved from downtown to midtown in 2001.

Atlanta is also a place where the Center for Disease Control (CDC) is located. The center was originally established as a countermeasure against malaria in 1946, immediately after the end of World War II, when Deep South, including Atlanta, was an epidemic of malaria. Built next to Emory University, the center employs as many as 15,000 people in 170 jobs. The CDC, which has 10 branches across the United States and Puerto Rico, as well as its headquarters. CDC personnel are also dispatched to local health bureaus, ports of entry and ports and 45 countries around the world.

Hartfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport

The airport, which serves as the gateway to Atlanta, is located about 16km south of downtown Hartfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport (IATA: ATL). The airport is positioned as the "world's busiest airport" in terms of passenger and take off and landing numbers. The number of passengers using the airport reached about 89.38 million in 2007, and the number of aircraft that took off and landed reached 994,396. Delta Air Lines Inc., the biggest hub of Delta Air Lines Inc., is in particular operating routes across the United States and Latin America, Europe and Asia. The airport, which was opened in 1925 by diverting the site of the car race site, has contributed greatly to the economic development of the region in Atlanta.

At Atlanta, three interstate highways, I-20, I-75 and I-85, are connected. These interstate expressways are all arterial highways, I-20 goes to Birmingham, Colombia, I-75 goes to Chattanooga, Tampa, etc., and I-85 goes to Montgomery, Charlotte, etc. In the make up of I-75, which is about 130km southeast, the I-16 leading to the savannah branches off from the I-75. On these expressways, there is a medium-distance and long-distance Greyhound bus.

downtown connector

In Atlanta, I-20 runs east-west, I-75 runs northwest-southeast, and I-85 runs northeast-southwest. In the central part of the city, the I-75 and I-85 share the same highway for about 12km, and it has six lanes on each side (12 lanes on each side) called the downtown connector. The downtown connector has a daily capacity of 340,000 units, one of the ten most crowded highways in the U.S.

Apart from these interstate highways, Atlanta has 12 radiations in total. The I-285, which is a branch line of I-85 in terms of positioning, is a circular line surrounding the city area of Atlanta. This I-285 is just a division between the metropolitan area and the suburbs of Atlanta. In the Atlanta area where expressway networks are being developed, the area is heavily dependent on automobiles as a means of transportation, and is sometimes called 'Los Angeles in the South.'

The average commuting time in the Atlanta metropolitan area is among the longest in the United States. The traffic jams in Atlanta are among the worst in the United States because they depend so heavily on cars. Atlanta is one of the country's most polluting cities, due to long-distance travel and traffic congestion by automobiles. In response, a non-profit organization called the Clean Air Campaign was launched to reduce air pollution levels in the Atlanta metropolitan area. The Clean Air Campaign suggests new ways to commute, such as carpooling, to reduce the amount of cars used for commuting, and gives smog warnings to local residents to maintain their health.

Rapid transit in Atlanta and Malta

Although Atlanta is heavily dependent on cars, public transportation is also being developed. Atlanta Malta (official name: The Atlanta metropolitan area Rapid Transit Authority (TBS) operates two subways of the Tozai Line and the Nanboku Line as well as a route bus network extending over Fulton, Dicarb, and Guinette. The North-South Line, in particular, has Hartfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport as its southern starting point, running through downtown, midtown, and backheads, and is the main artery of Atlanta, which leads to Sandi Springs City. The Northeast Branch Line, which branches from the North-South Line at the south of one station on the back head, runs to Draville City. The Nanboku Line and the Tozai Line meet at Five Points, the center of downtown. Clayton County, Cobb County and Guinnet County in the Atlanta metropolitan area operate a route bus network of the county, which is separate from Atlanta Malta.

The Amtrak station, located north of Midtown in the Brookwood Hills area, is quite far from downtown. There is no subway station in Atlanta and Malta near this station, but there is a bus stop. The long-distance Crescent, which connects New York and New Orleans, stops at this station.

 

Top: Emory: Georgia Institute of Technology

The Atlanta metropolitan area has more than 30 higher education facilities. One of the most famous is Emory University, which has a campus in the northeastern suburb of Atlanta. The Emory University, which opened in 1836, is a medium-sized private university of the Methodist line with approximately 6,000 undergraduate and 4,000 graduate students. They are particularly focused on the liberal arts education of a small group, and they are always ranked among the top 25 in the US News & World Report university ranking. In the eastern part of the main campus, in Oxford, a small town in Newton County, where Emory University originated, the school that was founded at the beginning has been left as the two-year liberal arts college with Emory University and the Oxford college of Emory University. In addition, the school has received a high reputation in the field of management.

The Georgia Institute of Technology, which has a campus west of Midtown, was established in 1885 to build an industrial-based economic foundation in Atlanta and, eventually, the southern part of the United States. Georgia Institute of Technology has consistently provided education specialized in natural science and technology since its establishment, as its name suggests. The school also puts emphasis on sports. Yellow Jackets, a sports team at Georgia Institute of Technology, is a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference, a division I conference at NCAA, along with neighboring Cremson University and Florida State University. The conference is especially known as a battleground for men's basketball. Because the school has a rich gym under the conditions of the Midtown, many games were held at the Atlanta Olympics in 1996, and it became a player village.

Georgia State University was established in 1913 by separating the Faculty of Commerce of Georgia Institute of Technology. The school has no clear campus, and it is an urban university with its school buildings and facilities concentrated near the Five Points downtown center. The four schools of Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University, Georgia University, Athens-based University, and Georgia Medical School, Augusta-based Georgia University of Japan, are among the major research universities and colleges in the Georgia University system.

In addition, in the Atlanta metropolitan area, there are four-year and two-year universities, such as Ogrethorpe University, Agnes Scott University, Clayton State University, Southern Institute of Technology, Kennesaw State University, and Georgia Perimeter University, which have campuses. Atlanta is headquartered by a university consortium called the Atlanta University Center, which was established to give higher education to African students. The consortium includes Clark Atlanta University, which originated from Atlanta University, founded in 1865, as the first Black University in Atlanta, as well as Moerhaus University and Sperman Women's University.

The K-12 course in Atlanta is supported by a public school under the jurisdiction of the Atlanta Board of Education. The school district has 58 elementary schools, 16 middle schools, 20 high schools and seven charter schools, and has more than 49,000 children and students. It also supports two alternative schools at the level of junior and senior high schools, two separate schools for men and women, and a life education center. The station also owns and operates FM radio and television stations.

In the northern part of the city, there are elementary schools, kindergartens, and St. John's Atlanta International School, which are run by the Japanese educational institution, Shogakuin.

Scenic and artistic beauty

Georgia Aquarium

The Georgia Aquarium opened in October 2005 and is the world's largest aquarium. The aquarium has a water volume of 31,000t, and also has whale sharks, white dolphins, and large-bodied trees. In May 2007, the World of Coca cola, which was renewed and moved near the aquarium, opened. The World of Coca cola introduces the history of Coca cola and allows visitors to sample Coca cola products around the world.

Besides the Georgia Aquarium and the World of Coca cola, Atlanta also has many museums and museums that focus on art and history. The Atlanta History Center is one of the largest historical museums in the United States. Located within the Woodruff Arts Center in Midtown, the High Art Museum is one of the best museums in Atlanta, exhibiting 11,000 items on its permanent display. The house where Martin Luther King Jr. spent his boyhood is designated as a national historical register. The Atlanta Cyclorama is a panoramic painting depicting the Battle of Atlanta during the Civil War and is exhibited in the museum building of the same name. The house of the Lord of the Furniture, Rose, built in the early 20th century, and the house of Margaret Mitchell, the author of "Gone with the Wind" are both designated as national historical assets and have become museums. The museum for children includes Fernbank Science Center.

Stone Mountain

Many festivals and cultural events are held at Piedmont Park. Next to Piedmont Park is the Atlanta Botanical Garden. At the Atlanta Zoo in Grant Park, the oldest Atlanta park in the southeast of downtown, bears pandas. The Stone Mountain, which rises in the east suburb, is the world's largest block of granite. On the granite wall of Stone Mountain, the portraits of the three Southern Generals, Stonewall Jackson, Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis, are engraved.

The acting arts organizations that operate in Atlanta include the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, the Atlanta Opera, the Atlanta Ballet, the New Trinity Baroque, and the Atlanta Boys' Choir. The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra is based in the Atlanta Symphony Hall in the Woodruff Arts Center.

sport

Turner Field

In Atlanta, MLB, NFL and NBA have teams and there used to be NHL. The Atlanta Braves MLB is the oldest major league team established in 1871. When the company was inaugurated, it was based in Boston, and the team was named Boston Red Stockings. Braves was transferred to Atlanta in 1966. In 1974, Hank Aaron hit the 715th home run at the Atlanta Fulton County Stadium, the home stadium at that time, surpassing the record for Babe Ruth. It won the 14 consecutive season district title, the longest in the history of the major leagues, from 1991 to 2005, and after the MLB strike in 1994 to 1995. In the midst of this, he beat the Cleveland Indians in the 1995 World Series and won the World Championship. The Atlanta Fulton County Stadium has been used as the base since the relocation of Atlanta, the main site of the Atlanta Olympics held in the previous year since 1997, and the Turner Field, which had been remodeled from the main site of the Atlanta Olympics, has been used until 2016, and since 2017, the Truest Park in Cumberland, located in the suburbs, has been used. Braves, along with the New York Yankees and the Boston Red Sox, is one of the most popular teams in the Major League.

The NFL's Atlanta Falcons is a team founded in 1965 and based in Atlanta from the beginning. The Atlanta Fulton County Stadium, which used to be the home of Braves in baseball until 1991, used the Georgia Dome from 1992 to 2016, and the Mercedes Benz Stadium from 2017. He participated in the 33rd and 51st Super Bowl games, but was defeated by Denver Broncos New England Petriots. The Super Bowl was held twice at the former home of Georgia Dome in 1994 and 2000, but the local Falcons have not appeared in either of them. The appearance of star player Michael Vic has dramatically increased its popularity. The Georgia Dome and Mercedes-Benz Stadium are not only the home games of the Falcons, but also the site of the Peach Bowl, which became one of the Big Six Bowls following the introduction of college football playoffs from the 2014 season.

Front Entrance of Phillips Arena with ATLANTA characters

The Atlanta Hawks of the NBA was originally a team called the Tricities Black Sox established in 1946, based in an urban area centered around Davenport, a town along the Mississippi River in eastern Iowa when it was founded. The team later moved to Milwaukee in 1951 and St. Louis in 1955, and based in Atlanta in 1968. The Hawks won the NBA Final in the 1957 season in which they played in St. Louis, but after moving to Atlanta, they lost the first round of the Playoffs and the Conference Semifinals, so they don't participate in the NBA Final. In 2008, WNBA's Atlanta Dream was also established. The men's hawks and the girls' dreams are based in Phillips Arena.

Although the team was moved to Winnipeg, NHL's Atlanta Thrasher was also based in Phillips Arena. Atlanta Thrasher was founded in 1997. As many new teams do, the Slushers have been in the doldrums for a while since their founding. In 2007, he achieved a playoffs, but was defeated by the long-held New York Rangers without a single win.

Media

CNN Center

The media market in the Atlanta metropolitan area is the 8th largest in the United States with 2,310,490 households, or 2.0% of the total population. For this reason, many branches of major TV stations, CNN and other TV stations, and radio stations covering a wide range of genres such as music, sports, and talk are located in the Atlanta metropolitan area.

Atlanta is a major center of cable TV production. Ted Turner created the Media Empire in this Atlanta place. Turner acquired UHF's TV stations and established the Turner Broadcasting System (TBS). Then Turner set up CNN and built a headquarters building called CNN Center west of the downtown. As Turner's company grew, channels such as Cartoon Network, BOOMERANG, Turner Network Television (TNT), Turner South, CNN International, CNN Headline News and CNN Airport Network were established one after another. All of the headquarters of these channels were also located in Atlanta. The headquarters of the Weather Channel is also located in the Cumberland/Galleria area in Cobb County in the northwest corner of Atlanta, although it has nothing to do with the Turner.

The company's Turner Broadcasting System, Inc., founded in Dayton, Ohio, and headquartered in Atlanta, has also had a significant impact on the media landscape both inside and outside Atlanta. Cox Communications, a subsidiary of Cox Inc., which operates a cable TV business, is the third largest cable TV company in the United States. Cox, Inc. also published a daily paper called the Atlanta Journal-Protection Paper (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution), which represents Atlanta. WSB, Cox's chief radio station, is the first AM radio station established in the south.

religion

Presbyterian Church of North Avenue

There are more than 1,000 facilities for worship in Atlanta. In Atlanta, Protestants have traditionally had strong influence, and the Southern Baptist League, the United Methodist Church, the Presbyterian Church (PC (USA)), and other sects have used Protestant Churches as their base. However, since the Atlanta Division was established in 1962, the number of Catholic believers has rapidly increased. The reason behind this is the increase in the number of immigrants from mainly Latin America, who are Catholic. The Atlanta Division has its head temple, Christ the King Cathedral in Backhead.

The United States Episcopal Church of Atlanta covers the entire northern part of Georgia, the majority of the central part, and the Chatta Fuchy River basin in the western part of Georgia, with its head temple being the St. Philippe Cathedral of Backhead. There are also offices in Atlanta as well as the Evangelical Lutheran Church and the United Church of Christ. The Salvation Army has its headquarters in the Southern United States of America in Atlanta. The Latter Day Saints Jesus Christ Church (so-called Mormon) is also located in the northern suburb of Sandi Springs.

In Atlanta, the National Baptist Federation and the African Methodist Evangelical Church, traditional African American denominations, are also strong. The six religious schools, including these sects, comprise the Center of Theology (ITC) of the Super Faith. The ITC once joined the Atlanta University Center.

It is estimated that there are about 120,000 Jews in the Atlanta metropolitan area. This is the 11th largest metropolitan area in the United States. There are also 35 mosques in Atlanta, estimated to have about 75,000 Muslims.

Distribution of African residents in Atlanta. The regions shown in dark colors have a higher black population rate.

About 60% of Atlanta's population is African. The western and southern parts of the city are especially African. On the other hand, in the Atlanta area, there are few African americans and many Caucasians in the area north of Midtown (see the figure on the left). Overall, Fulton County, including Atlanta, has a wealth of northern and northeastern parts of the city, including Backhead and Sandy Springs, while the country's leading poverty zones extend into the southern and southwestern parts of the city.

However, in the 2000s, the demographic trend of Atlanta changed drastically. As gentrification progressed in various parts of Atlanta City, and a movement to return to the city center to live near downtown to avoid long-term commuting among the white people who had lived in the suburbs, the number of white people increasing just faster than in other parts of the United States. White people who came back to Atlanta City have come to live mainly in Midtown. On the other hand, some African residents are also becoming wealthy professionals.

As gentrificies and city-center returns move in various parts of Atlanta, the urban areas of Atlanta remain scattered far and wide. In many major cities in the United States as well as Atlanta, the urban areas of the United States have been sprawled widely outside the United States, especially in Atlanta. The metropolitan area of Atlanta covers 29 counties in the center of Fulton County, with the area covering 22,602km² (8,726mi²). This area is almost the same as the area of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama and Shizuoka prefectures. The Atlanta area only has about 1/10 of the urban population of Atlanta. According to an estimate by the U.S. Bureau of Statistics for 2000, the daytime population of Atlanta was 676,431, more than 250,000 people compared to the nighttime population. The night-and-day population ratio reaches 162.4%, the second highest number among cities with a population of more than 250,000 in the United States, after Washington D.C.

urban population

The population of each of the counties that form the metropolitan area of Atlanta and the metropolitan area is as follows (National Census of 2010).

Atlanta-San Disprings-Alfletta metropolitan area

Atlanta-Athens-Clark County-San Disprings Metropolitan Area

urban population transition

Below is a graph and chart showing the population transition from 1850 to 2010 in Atlanta City.

Atlanta established sister-city ties with the following 18 cities.

• Olympia, Greece
• Cotonou, Republic of Benin
• Salcedo (Dominican Republic)
• Salzburg, Austria
• Taipei City (Republic of China)
• Daegu Metropolitan City (Republic of Korea)
• Toulouse, France
• Tbilisi (Georgia)
• Newcastle, England
• Nuremberg, Germany
• Bucharest, Romania
• Fukuoka City (Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)
• Brussels, Belgium
• Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago)
• Montego Bay (Jamaica)
• Laana (Israel)
• Lagos, Nigeria
• Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

• Allen, Frederick. Atlanta Rising. Longstreet Press. Atlanta. 1996
• Atlanta, Then and Now. Part of the Then and Now book series.
• Boylston, Elise Reid. Atlanta: Its Lore, Legends and Laughter. privately printed. Doraville. 1968
• Garrett, Franklin M. and Martin, Harold H. Atlanta and Environs: A Chronicle of Its People and Events: Years of Change and Challenge, 1940-1976.
• Roth, Darlene R. and Ambrose, Andy. Metropolitan Frontiers: A short history of Atlanta. Longstreet Press. Atlanta. 1996
• Sjoquist, Dave (ed.) The Atlanta Paradox. Russell Sage Foundation. New York. 2000
• Stone, Clarence. Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta, 1946-1988. University Press of Kansas. 1989

• Seigakuin Atlanta International School - An overseas educational facility accredited by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Atlanta

• Official Website - Atlanta City Official Site
• Atlanta Department of Watershed Management
• Atlanta Police Department
• Atlanta Convention and Visitors Bureau
• Entry in the New Georgia Encyclopedia
• Atlanta, Georgia, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary - US National Park Office site
• City-Data.com - Atlanta, Georgia
• Atlanta, GA - Yahoo!Map Map